During a routine pelvic exam, the first signs of fibroids can be found. There are a number of tests that may show more information about fibroids:

• Ultrasound uses sound waves to create a picture of the uterus or of the pelvic organs.
• Hysteroscopy uses a slender device (the hysteroscope) to help the doctor see the inside of the uterus. It is inserted through the vagina and cervix (opening of the uterus). This permits the doctor to see some fibroids inside the uterine cavity.
• Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a special X-ray test. It may detect abnormal changes in the size and shape of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
• Laparoscopy uses a slender device (the laparoscope) to help the doctor see the inside of the abdomen. It is inserted through a small cut just below or through the navel. The doctor can see fibroids on the outside of the uterus and some inside the uterine wall with the laparoscope.

Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans,may be used but are rarely needed. Sometimes fibroids are found when these or other procedures are used to check some other medical problem or symptoms. Some of these tests may be helpful in checking on the growth of the fibroid over time.

Complications
Although most fibroids do not cause problems, there can be complications. Fibroids that are attached to the uterus by a stem may twist. This can cause pain, nausea, or fever. Fibroids may become infected. In most cases, this happens only when there is an infection already in the area. In very rare cases, very rapid growth of the fibroid and other symptoms may signal cancer. A very large fibroid may cause swelling of the abdomen. This can make it hard to do a thorough pelvic exam. Fibroids also may cause infertility. Other factors should be explored before fibroids are called the cause of a couple's infertility. When fibroids are thought to be a cause, many women are able to become pregnant after they are treated.